First, the dye-related issues:
A. Determination of the best dyeing process , mainly considering the dyeing temperature, dyeing PH value and additives
1, water quality
Acrylic dyes are used to dye acrylic fibers. Water quality is very important. Water contains calcium and magnesium ions, which can bind to the anionic acid gene of acrylic fibers and adsorb on fibers. It also competes with cations for dyed seats, which affects the dyeing of dyes and the vividness of color. The water must be softened when dyeing. If the water hardness is too high, it will cause dyeing, especially the dyeing, which is very easy to cause macular and pigmentation.
2, the dissolution of the material:
The current ionic dyes are generally slurried with acetic acid (60%), and then added 40-50 times the amount of boiling water to dissolve. When the dye is slurried with glacial acetic acid, it must be fully stirred so that the dyed granules do not become lumpy.
3, dye bath PH value:
Cationic dyes are generally not resistant to alkali, and acetic acid and sodium acetate are used as buffers in the dye bath to adjust and stabilize the pH of the dye bath. The pH value of 4-4.5 is the best range for cationic dyeing.
4, electrolyte
Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) is a commonly used inorganic retarder. The amount of tinted dye can be higher, about 5-10% (for fabric weight), and dyeing can be done without color.
5. Cationic Surfactant 1227 is a commonly used retarding agent for acrylic dyeing. It has a good leveling effect and can effectively slow down the dyeing of cationic dyes.
The amount of 1227 is generally depending on the dyeing depth, dyeing light and light more appropriate, dyeing dark color should be added, when the acrylic dyeing, the amount of 1227 will affect the absorption of the dye in the dyeing liquid when the suction to dye the finished product to repair or change Dyeing, 1227 can be stripped in an acetic acid bath.
6, bath ratio:
The dyeing bath of cationic dyeing acrylic has a certain relationship with the dyeing strip and the color yield. The bath ratio is large, the coloring is slow, and the color is good. If the bath ratio is too small, the coloration phenomenon may easily occur.
7. The compatibility of cationic dyes is related to the dyeing process:
1) The compatibility value can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Small compatibility value → fast dyeing rate, poor level dyeing
The compatibility is large → the dyeing rate is slow, and the level dyeing is good;
2) When the dyes are mixed, the dyes with the same or similar compatibility (±0.5) should be selected to prevent coloration.
3) When dyeing with a single dye, it is easy to obtain a level dyeing effect by using a dye with a large K value.
8. What is the maximum temperature of cationic dye dyed acrylic? why?
1), the maximum suitable temperature is 97-105 °C;
2) Because the dyeing temperature is too high, the acrylic fiber will produce excessive shrinkage, making the hand feel hard and the fabric deformed. If the temperature is too low, the dyeing and dyeing properties are poor.
9, in order to improve the dyeing effect of cationic dyes, what measures can be taken; specific practices are as follows
1), control the temperature
Below 180 °C, the heating rate can be faster;
Above 280 °C, the amount of dyeing increases rapidly, and the heating rate should be strictly controlled;
2) Use retarder:
Can be used in the dyeing process leveler added, such as 1227 or Yuan Mingfen to improve the level of dyeing effect;
3), control the PH value
PH value should be controlled at 3 - 5
1 The PH value should be reduced when light-colored, which is conducive to leveling;
2 When the dark color is suitable, the PH value can be increased to help dyeing;
B, dyeing process analysis
1, dyeing curve:
2, feeding sequence:
Levelling agent (Yuan Mingfen) → glacial acetic acid → dye
3, the dye composition and the role of various additives:
dye
Levelling agent 1227
Glacial acetic acid (sodium acetate)
Yuan Mingfen
1) Levelling agent 1227
Role: To achieve a uniform dyeing effect of 0.21%;
2), glacial acetic acid
Role: adjust PH value PH=3-5
PH↓ → Percentage of dye uptake↓
Claim:
1 light color: more than the amount of acid, PH value = 3-4.5 favorable leveling;
2 dark color: less acid, PH value = 4-4.5 is conducive to dyeing;
3) Yuan Mingfen:
Role: As a slowing agent, is conducive to leveling
4, how to feed material:
1) Material: (cold water beating → boiling water dissolves)
1/2HAC + small amount of water → dissolve with boiling water and stir well
Pulp
2), feeding:
5. What are the requirements of cationic dyeing for cooling and cooling?
1), warming up
It is required that the temperature be raised strictly according to the process curve, otherwise heating up too quickly will cause coloration.
1 Temperature <80°C, slow dyeing, rapid heating;
2 Temperature>80 °C, fast dyeing, should be gradually warming;
The purpose of holding at a temperature of 80°C for a certain period of time is to make the dyes uniformly adsorbed by the fibers to prevent coloration;
2), cooling:
After dyeing, the fabric should be slowly cooled to 50°C to allow it to be washed. If the temperature is too low, the fabric will have wrinkles and feel rough.
C. Operation points:
1. The dye should be fully dissolved, and the addition should be slow and uniform;
2, strictly control the heating rate to prevent color flowers;
3, sufficient insulation, so that the dyeing leveling effect;
4, cooling slowly, must not suddenly cool, in order to prevent fabric wrinkles, feel rough.
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