The Southern and Northern Dynasties, a period of about 170 years between the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Sui Dynasty, are not noticeable in the next 5,000 years. However, an archaeological excavation in Chengdu recently focused our attention on the Southern and Northern Dynasties dating back about 1500 years ago. On December 15, the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology revealed that since November this year, they have unearthed more than 80 stone carving statues and fragments at the No. 126 Tongren Road, Qingyang District, which was originally an archaeological excavation site of the Chengdu Water Meter Factory. .
Close to these Buddha statue pits is the western wall of Luocheng that has been established since the late Tang Dynasty. Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu, with a "Jason Jiang" reproduction of the Southern Dynasties worship of Buddhism:. "Southern 480 Temple, the number of towers in the misty rain" Southern relative "breeding ground" of Chengdu, is China Southern statues unearthed The most and well-preserved places were preserved.
More than 80 pieces of Buddha statues have their own gold
It is only 200 meters away from the ruins of Kuanzhai Alley. The entire excavation area covers an area of ​​about 500 square meters. During the excavation work for more than three months, 8 ash pits and 2 wells were cleared. Porcelain and pottery were unearthed. A number of important life relics such as stone statues, building materials and coins.
Among the unearthed relics, the most important are the two ash pits, which are also called the Buddha statue pit by the staff of the archaeological team. Among them, more than 30 pieces of stone inscriptions were unearthed in the ash pit numbered “H6â€. Among them, there were many heads of Luohan, and the times were mostly in the Tang Dynasty. In the ash pit of the number "H3", there are about 50 stone statues of stone carvings. There are single Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and Uranus statues. There are also back-screen composite statues. One of the back-screen statues has the inscription of the "Liang Tianjian fifteen years" in the Southern Dynasties. It was made before 1498 that all the people were made for his dead father and mother. There is also a single-seat pedestal Tota King, which was evaluated by the staff of the Chengdu Archaeological Team as “very rare in Chinaâ€.
These statues are all red sandstone textures, and some of them are gold-plated and exquisitely carved. Judging from the preliminary judgment results, the era of these images was concentrated between the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, and most of the statues belonged to the Southern Dynasties. Judging from the porcelain that was accompanied by the pits, the H3 burial era was from the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty.
Creating an inscription on the archaeological basis
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced to China. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the development of Buddhist art reached its first peak. The Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties have long been divided into politics in the south and north of China. According to the literature, the Southern Dynasties belonged to the Buddhist cultural center. However, compared with the rich statues of the Northern Dynasties, the Buddha statues of the Southern Dynasties are rare. Currently, most of them are concentrated in the Sichuan region, and Chengdu is the largest. However, the total number that can be seen now is no more than 80, and many statues are lacking. Scientific archaeological excavation basis.
However, a painting inscription "Liang Tianjian fifteen years" opened a window for everyone. In 516, Chengdu was under the rule of Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasties. This Liang Wudi is also considered a "legendary" emperor. He believes in Buddhism and has been a monk for three times. Emperor Liang Wu advocated academic development in the early stage, which made the education of the Southern Dynasties developed and the culture developed. In the late period of Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty, because he believed in Buddhism, the monks did not need to pay taxes, and nearly half of the households were registered, and the state finance suffered huge losses. Studying Buddhism theory made him not have the energy to deal with politics, and the re-used people also appeared as traitors, causing the government to be dim.
The first large-scale unearthed Buddha statue of the Southern Dynasty in recent years
Wanfo Temple, Xi'an Road, Commercial Street, Narrow Alley... Chengdu has previously unearthed four places in the Southern Dynasty. Yi Li, a staff member of the Chengdu Archaeological Team, said that the excavation time was earlier, and it was the “rescue excavation†after the destruction in the process of building the city. This time it was “active attackâ€, which was the first large-scale unearthed Buddha statue of the Southern Dynasties in Chengdu in recent years. . The dozens of statues of the Southern Dynasties unearthed this time have a clear relationship between land and stratification, providing new information for the academic community to further understand the art of the Southern Dynasty.
Lei Yuhua, director of the Buddhist Archaeological Research Office of the Chengdu Museum, once wrote that Chengdu was very special from the beginning of the Han Dynasty Buddhism to the end of the Southern Dynasties. In the 264 years of the Southern Dynasties' rule, it was not within its control for half of the time. It completely belongs to the central government of the South, and its relationship with the Ganzi area is closer to the central area of ​​the Central Plains or the Southern Dynasties. Therefore, the Chengdu area and the Central Plains and Jiankang area are actually three parallel cultural areas. The Buddhist thoughts and statues in Chengdu are compatible with different local characteristics in the north and the south, and the artistic expression techniques are very diverse.
More than 80 stone carving Buddha statues were hidden by the ancient wall of the Tang Dynasty
It is worth mentioning that there is an existing section of the city wall in the eastern part of the site. It is about 45.5 meters long from north to south and 23.5 meters wide at the widest point. The highest point is about 6.7 meters. After archaeological exploration work in 2012, this wall also It was confirmed to belong to the western wall of Luocheng built since the late Tang Dynasty. The city wall is very important for the protection of the ruins. On the outside of the city wall and the moat, the accumulation of remains is poor, but the inside of the wall is better preserved. More than 80 stone carving Buddha statues and pieces that were unearthed this time are "hidden" here.
Zhang Xuefen, who specializes in Buddhist archaeology at the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that the economic development of the Southern Dynasties has made the Buddhist culture of Chengdu quite prosperous. This time, a large number of Buddha statues were found in Tongren Road, which shows that there have been large-scale temples.
On December 15th, the unearthed cultural relics were sent to the “New Experimental Building of the Protection and Restoration Center†at the Chengdu Cultural and Cultural Center in the Jinsha Site Museum for sorting and restoration.
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