Barite is a non-renewable resource and is one of China's export-oriented mineral products. It is widely used as a weighting agent for oil and natural gas drilling mud, and its consumption in the fields of antimony chemicals and fillers is also increasing year by year. China's barite resources are quite abundant, distributed in 21 provinces (regions) across the country, with a total reserve of 360 million tons of ore, ranking first in the world. It is medically useful for contrast agents in the digestive system.
Time and space distribution
China's barite deposits have been produced in various geological times, mainly in the Cambrian, Devonian, Ordovician and Mesozoic strata. Layered barite deposits are mainly concentrated in the Cambrian, followed by the Devonian. The vein deposits are prolific in the Ordovician, Devonian and Triassic. The layered barite deposit is mainly produced in the tectonic active fold belt (zone) and the deep water basin in the platform area. The veined barite deposit is mainly produced in the carbonate platform of the carbonate rock platform with relatively stable geological structure.
The total scale of the Lower Cambrian layered deposits in the Chinese barite deposit is very large. The spatial relationship between the layered deposit and the active large fault of the same sediment is also obvious, indicating that the deposit is closely related to the structure. The veined barite ore is filled in medium and small faults and fissures and is obviously controlled by structure.
The sedimentary basins forming barite have a close relationship with mineralization. The latter type is a deeper reductive still water basin with fine sediment particles, low carbonate content and high organic matter content, forming a layered deposit. The other basin is a shallow, oxidized, turbulent basin dominated by clastic rocks and shallow water carbonate deposits. This basin forms a mineralized layer containing Ba in the sedimentary period, but it can only be integrated into the vein deposits under the later geological transformation.
The ore-bearing rock series of barite deposits also have their own characteristics. The ore-bearing rocks of layered deposits are clastic rocks and siliceous rocks with organic matter, and have an ocular structure; the surrounding rocks of veined barite deposits are often Carbonate-bearing carbonate rocks and clastic rocks in the early stages of deposition generally have obvious silicification alterations. Both layered and veined barite are closely related to SiO2.
The mineral composition of the barite deposit is fairly uniform and the chemical composition is simple and stable. The mineral combination of layered barite deposits is mainly barite, quartz and clay minerals. The main minerals in the mineral combination of veined barite deposits are barite, quartz and carbonate.
Deposit type
China barite deposits are divided into four types of deposits: layered, layered, vein-shaped, modified veins and stacked. The layered barite deposit is controlled by the stratum and facies. Most of the veined barite deposits are mostly related to strata in a certain period. In some areas, both layered barite deposits and veined barite deposits are produced in strata of the same era.
China's barite is rich in resources. It is distributed in 26 provinces and municipalities across the country, mainly in the south. Guizhou Province accounts for one-third of the country's total reserves. Hunan and Guangxi rank second and third respectively in China. The stone not only has a large reserve, but also has a high grade, BaSO4>92.8%. The rich ore reserves accounted for 99.4% of the country's total rich ore, and the large and medium-sized mines accounted for 88.4% of the national total. By the end of 1995, China had proven reserves of 460 million tons of barite.
(1) Layered barite deposit
The layered barite deposit is produced in a certain geological age. It is strictly controlled by stratum and lithology. The ore body is layered, layered and lenticularly integrated in the sedimentary strata. The ore has obvious sedimentary structure and structure.
China's major large and extra-large layered barite deposits are mainly concentrated in the Cambrian, followed by the Devonian, and concentrated in the Qinling and South China. The layered barite deposit can be a Qinling fold belt with strong crustal activity and a strong southeast coastal fold belt. It can also be a relatively stable platform depression on both sides of the Jiangnan ancient land, but both are deep water. The semi-deep water stagnant hydrostatic reducing basin has high organic matter content.
The ore-bearing strata of layered barite is mainly composed of fine clastic rocks with an ocular structure, a massive barite in the core, stripe-like and strip-shaped barite on both sides, and siliceous rocks on the outside. The outermost layer is fine clastic rock.
The layered barite deposit is closely related to the deep fault zone. For example, the Gongxi mining area in Xinxiang, Hunan is located near the active large fault that controls the sudden change of the lithofacies. Some mines have obvious volcanic eruptions and submerged volcanic veins.
The ore minerals of the layered barite deposits are mostly single barite. The types and contents of trace elements in barite rock and its related siliceous rocks are rare, while the fine clastic rocks are rich in trace elements and have fixed element combinations such as P, V, Mo and U. The barite and its surrounding rock have high organic matter content, which is mainly formed by lower plankton, which indicates that the sedimentary environment is a deep, stagnant still water-reducing basin.
(2) Layered-vein-like barite deposits
Such barite deposits refer to both layered barite deposits and veined barite deposits in the same age strata within the mining area. Both deposits have industrial significance and have close genetic and spatial relationships. Different manifestations of the same mineralization process in different environments. Such as Guangxi Laibin and Guangxi Xiangzhou barite ore field (bed).
Among the orefields consisting of several deposits within a mining area or the same sedimentary basin, there are layered barite or vein barite ore in the same geological age. In space, the layered ore layer is located above, the veined ore layer is below, and the range of the vein-like ore distribution is substantially no more than the layer of the layered ore. The layered ore has a close genetic relationship with the mineral composition, ore structure and structure of the vein mineral, and shows the trend of system evolution. The stratified ore and vein minerals have the same physicochemical and chemical conditions, and have a regular relationship with the geological environment. In short, layered ore and vein minerals are different manifestations of uniform mineralization.
(3) Reformed veined barite deposit
The modified veined barite deposit refers to an irregularly shaped deposit formed by barite and symbiotic minerals along various structural fractures and non-structural fractures such as fracture zones, fractures and bedding planes by filling and metasomatism.
China's modified vein-like barite deposits have been produced in various geological times, and there are various types of ore-bearing surrounding rocks, which are important for depositing veined barite deposits in carbonate rocks and clastic rocks. The modified veined barite deposits are often distributed in groups, with numerous veins and limited size of individual veins. Because it is easy to find and identify, easy to pick and choose, it is convenient for rural collective mining. It is still the main mining object in China, and the output is very considerable, but the degree of geological research is relatively low.
From the Middle and Neoproterozoic to the Triassic in China, carbonate rocks are developed, forming large-scale distribution of thick carbonate rocks. Many provinces (regions) have heavy crystals produced in carbonate rocks. Stone deposits, among which the most important ones are the Ordovician in Henan, the Cambrian-Ordovician in the southeastern Sichuan, the Ordovician in the southeastern Sichuan, the Devonian-Carboniferous in Guangdong, the Triassic in the Triassic in Sichuan and Guizhou. Mineral deposit.
(4) Deposited barite deposits and barite deposits associated with other ore
Deposited barite deposits are those barite deposits produced in unconsolidated loose deposits. Many barite deposits in China, especially carbonates and clastic rocks, are deposits of ore-bearing surrounding rocks, and there are many deposit-type barite deposits in the loose sediments nearby. This deposit is formed by the original bedrock deposit in situ or by short-distance transportation through modern weathering. Representative deposits such as Gulangling, Huojialing and Shangshan in Xiangzhousi Village, Guangxi.
Barite is often associated with many metal and non-metallic deposits. Some barites are relatively enriched and may even constitute separate ore bodies. In general, these barite minerals or circles that are dispersed in the main ore ore are present. The barite ore body does not have a separate mining value, but it can be comprehensively recycled when the main mine is mined. Representative deposits such as the associated barite ore of the Jingtieshan iron deposit in Gansu.
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