[China Glass Network] 1. Introduction of water jacket
With the development of molybdenum electrodes, the special molybdenum electrode has been put into use safely, and the commercialization of glass electrofusion and electric fluxing has been promoted. About 60 years ago, American Larry Penberthy first used electric fluxing. In the early days of electric fluxing technology, in order to safely use molybdenum electrodes, a special electrode cooling system was needed to ensure that the molybdenum electrode was not oxidized at 600 °C. The front electrode cooling water jacket adopts a sputter cooling structure, the water jacket is a tubular structure, the inner water pipe sprays cooling water to the end of the water jacket, and then the water flows back along the molybdenum electrode, and then enters the water circulation system through the return water pipe. . The water jacket has a remarkable effect, and is a relatively good cooling device for the side wall electrode. The water jacket has the advantages of simple and practical structure, low energy consumption, and of course, disadvantages and disadvantages. This sputter cooling water jacket does not require high quality water quality for circulating water, but it is not suitable for today's increasingly large glass electric melting furnaces. As the scale of the furnace increases and the more efficient bottom electrode technology is realized, an improved electrode water jacket is formed, that is, a water jacket having an internal water passage. This water jacket is widely used in the current glass industry, but it also has many shortcomings, mainly (1) easy to block; (2) anti-thermal shock requirements for surrounding refractory materials; (3) advancement electrode There are certain risks in the aspect; (4) it is difficult to recycle in the later stage of kiln use.
2, can push the water jacket of the electrode
In recent years, the furnace age of the kiln has grown rapidly, which requires the cooling water jacket to be used for 15 years in a continuous operation process.
A larger problem with the electrode water jacket is during the advancement of the electrode. According to the advancement design of the electrode, it is generally required to advance once every three months and less once every seven years, such as the FIC designed float furnace. The difference in propulsion time is so large, mainly due to the type of glass, the melting rate, and especially the design of the propulsion. The electrode water jacket is usually damaged during the propulsion process. The main reason is that the electrode can be pushed forward, and the cooling water needs to be turned off, so that the overall temperature of the water jacket rises, and the glass solidified near the water jacket softens and advances. Almost all of the electrode water jackets are made of heat-resistant stainless steel and need to withstand high temperatures of 1100 °C. However, after propelling the water jacket, a larger problem arises when the water jacket is re-influent. Because the front end of the water jacket is as high as 1100 ° C, the cooling water needs to be added very slowly to prevent damage caused by large temperature differences. However, since the kiln operator has been hot and tired during the electrode advancing process, it is hoped that the work will be completed sooner, and in actual operation, the water is often not slow enough.
Obviously, the cooling water causes thermal shock because it is injected too fast, but it has already caused the damage of the water jacket if it is not advanced in time. Once a thermal shock occurs, the water jacket weld will crack or block the water jacket, which will cause the water jacket to be destroyed for a long time, thus causing splashing and waste of the cooling water. Because most of the propulsion systems today are about vertical electrodes, the water loss to the ground is very high, leading to drilling of the electrodes or changing the position of the electrodes, which is a work that requires in-depth research and is expensive.
In addition, when the electrode is pushed, the introduced cooling water reaches the high temperature portion of the water jacket, and heat vapor which is hard to be observed is generated, and it is easy to burn the side operator. In any case, cooling water still needs to be introduced slowly, and some companies use air cooling systems to ease the process. As time passes, the cooling water jacket is closed, and even if the treated water is used, the clogging will occur slowly, and the cooling water will stop running, and sputtering cooling has to be used. Sometimes the reverse flow of cooling water may also remove the blocked water jacket. Another solution is to inject citric acid. If the flow of cooling water in the water jacket is reduced, the citric acid injected into the system can reduce the chance of the water jacket being blocked. When a blockage occurs, some companies control the cooling circuit by opening another independent waterway. FIC developed a replaceable independent waterway that later evolved into multiple independent waterways.
3, new high quality water jacket
In summary of these standard water jacket systems, the water cooling coil is the core of the water jacket, which not only absorbs the heat at the front end of the water jacket, but also absorbs the heat around the water jacket. This also leads to heat absorption from the refractory material and leads to star cracks. Some suppliers have recognized this problem and wrapped insulation on the outside of the water jacket to reduce its effects. FIC invented a new water jacket 20 years ago, overcoming all the above deficiencies.
FIC's high 'Q' water jacket has produced more than 7,000 pieces, representing the current state of the art, and its detachable waterway is its main feature. This waterway can be dismantled by ordinary employees in less than ten minutes, requiring only three tools to completely separate and complete the process. Due to the large cross-sectional area, the water quality of the cooling water is not high. In fact, when necessary, you can also use the river directly. The detachable waterway does not directly contact the water jacket itself, it has an air compartment to ensure that the cooling water only acts on the front end of the water jacket. This reduces or completely eliminates star cracks in the refractory material caused by thermal shock. In addition, this water jacket is designed by veterans who have extensive experience in electric fluxing and electric melting furnaces. Anything that may lead to failure, the way to solve the problem has been taken into consideration when designing. . For example, in order to prevent the detachable waterway from sticking to other structures of the water jacket, a jacking system is designed to ensure the normal extraction of the waterway. Similarly, the thermocouple used to measure the temperature at the front end of the water jacket is independent. Therefore, it is necessary to more accurately measure the temperature of the high temperature portion of the water jacket and the refractory material, and accurately display the softening point of the glass around the water jacket to ensure the advancement of the electrode. This means that it is easy to determine when to push the electrode. On this issue, it should be noted that the water jacket should not be promoted when the water pressure jacket is used. This will not only cause damage to the surrounding refractory material, but also cause the entire water jacket to fall apart. The FIC is fixed by applying a suitable pressure to the electrodes without damaging the electrodes and the refractory bricks by using a screw structure. If too much pressure is applied, the screw will be damaged, but the refractory material and the water jacket itself will not be damaged. These screws are easy to replace if necessary and are standard parts everywhere. If the refractory material is found to be accidentally damaged, the fixed structure can also be taken out of the water jacket if necessary.
Another important innovation of this high 'Q' water jacket is that it is not necessary to cut off the cooling water when propelling the electrode because the cooling water coil is movable. The cooling water pipe is retracted so that the front end of the water jacket and the electrode are no longer contacted, so that the glass can naturally heat up. Since the cooling water does not stop, there is no danger of generating superheated steam and no burns to the workers. This is also an important feature of current health and safety labor laws.
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